National Geographic magazine, October 2024. Reproduced with permission.

Monica Serrano, Amanda Hobbs, and Eve Conant, NGM Staff. Art: Matt Twombly.

National Geographic magazine, October 2024. Reproduced with permission.

Graphics by Fernando G. Baptista, Lawson Parker, Eve Conant, Amanda Hobbs, and Liz Sisk, NGM Staff.

Explore the interactive version of the October 2024 special issue here.